प्रॉम्प्ट
लीगल एआई प्रॉम्प्ट्स: Research / Authorities
36 prompts you can paste straight into HAQQ or any other assistant. Every one is written out in full. Open it, copy it, change the bracketed parts.
Jurisdiction Research With Verified CitationsMemoExpertDisputes / Litigation
I act for [party]. Research this question under the law of [jurisdiction]: [state the question]. This is a stress test, not a final opinion. Mandatory rules, and I will check them: 1. Never invent a statute, an article number, a case name or a citation. If you do not know, write 'not found' and move on. 2. Separate what the text says from what the case law has settled from what is your own reasoning. Label each paragraph with which of the three it is. 3. Where a point is genuinely contested, give both positions and say which is the majority view and how confident you are. 4. Flag every proposition that I must verify against the official gazette or a primary source before I rely on it. Structure: (a) the short answer in three lines; (b) the applicable texts, article by article; (c) the analysis applied to my facts; (d) the counter-argument the other side will run and how strong it is; (e) what facts I still need to give you; (f) a verification list of everything to check before this leaves the office. Do not soften the answer to be helpful. If my position is weak, say it is weak in the first three lines.
Enforceability of a Liability Cap Under UAE LawMemoExpertCorporate / Commercial
I act for [the party relying on the cap / the party resisting it]. The attached contract caps liability at [amount / a multiple of fees] and excludes [consequential loss / loss of profit / gross negligence]. Governing law is UAE law, forum [onshore courts / DIFC / ADGM / arbitration]. Advise: 1. Is the cap enforceable as drafted before the stated forum, and on what statutory basis. 2. Which carve-outs are mandatory and cannot be excluded whatever the parties agreed: address fraud, gross negligence, wilful misconduct, death and personal injury, and any decennial or statutory liability that applies. 3. How an onshore court's treatment differs from DIFC or ADGM on the same wording. 4. Whether the cap survives if the contract is terminated or found void. 5. Redraft the clause so it holds up, and mark each change with the reason. Mandatory rules: cite the Civil Transactions Law or Commercial Transactions Law article for every proposition. Where onshore and the financial free zones diverge, set them out side by side rather than blending them. Do not cite a judgment you cannot name, and flag any point that turns on a case you cannot verify rather than asserting it as settled.
Non-Compete Validity Under UAE Labour LawMemoAdvancedEmployment
I act for [the employer / the employee]. Assess a non-compete under UAE labour law. Facts: employee role [role], duration of the restriction [period], geographic scope [scope], activities covered [activities], salary [amount], reason employment ended [resignation / termination / expiry], and whether any consideration was paid for the restraint [yes/no]. Advise: 1. Whether the clause meets the statutory conditions on duration, place and type of work, and what the law requires for each. 2. What the employer must prove for a court to enforce it, and the practical evidentiary burden. 3. The circumstances in which the restriction falls away by operation of law. 4. The remedies actually available (damages, injunction, labour-ban consequences) and which of them a UAE court will realistically grant. 5. A redrafted clause that stands the best chance of enforcement, plus a fallback clause if the primary one is struck down. Mandatory rules: cite the article of the Labour Law and its Executive Regulations for each condition. Distinguish the position for an onshore contract from a DIFC or ADGM employment contract. Do not assert a court practice you cannot source; flag it for verification instead of presenting it as settled.
Is Limitation a Matter of Public Order?MemoAdvancedDisputes / Litigation
I am advising a client under Omani law. Answer the following: is limitation a matter of public order? Address specifically: 1. Whether the court raises it of its own motion or the interested party must plead it. 2. At what stage it may be raised, and whether it is admissible for the first time on appeal or before the Supreme Court. 3. Whether the parties may agree in advance to lengthen, shorten or waive the limitation period, and the effect of an agreement that does. 4. How the answer differs between extinctive and acquisitive prescription, and between civil, commercial, employment and criminal matters where they diverge. 5. The effect of waiving limitation after it has already accrued. Mandatory rules: rely on the Omani Civil Transactions Law and the Civil and Commercial Procedure Law, citing the article number every time, and do not invent one. If the answer varies by the nature of the action, set it out in a comparison table. Do not import a rule from another country's code and attribute it to Oman; where there is no express provision, say so.
Deadlines for Answer and Evidence in a Labour ClaimMemoStandardEmployment
I act for the [claimant / respondent] in a Jordanian labour claim. What is the deadline under Jordanian law for filing the answer and the evidence, and can it be extended? Address: 1. The statutory period for filing the statement of defence from the date of service, and the period for producing documentary evidence and the witness list. 2. Whether these periods are peremptory or directory, and the sanction for missing them. 3. The conditions for an extension: who has the power to grant it, whether an acceptable excuse is required, and how many times it may be granted. 4. The effect of the defendant failing to answer, both on the progress of the claim and on the ability to file evidence later. 5. How these periods differ from an ordinary civil claim, if they do. Mandatory rules: cite the article of the Code of Civil Procedure or the Jordanian Labour Law for every period, and do not invent an article number. State whether it runs in calendar days or working days and from what date. If the provision has been amended, flag that the version in force must be checked.
Automatic Renewal of a LeaseMemoStandardHousing & Tenancy
I act for the [landlord / tenant]. Under Jordanian law: a lease contains an automatic renewal clause. Does it renew once for an identical term only, or does it continue indefinitely unless one party gives notice? Address: 1. The rule on tacit renewal and the provision it comes from, and the term of the renewed lease. 2. The form of a notice of non-renewal: its deadline, how it must be served, and the effect of a late or irregular notice. 3. The effect of the tenant staying in occupation after expiry while the landlord continues to accept rent. 4. What the parties may validly agree to the contrary, and what is mandatory and cannot be varied. 5. The competent court and the time limits if it is disputed. Mandatory rules: cite the article of the Civil Code or the Jordanian Landlord and Tenant Law. Do not invent an article number; where the text does not settle the point, say so rather than choosing an answer for me. If the answer differs between residential and commercial tenancies, or by the date the lease was made, say so expressly rather than giving one answer.
Enforcing a Foreign Judgment in LebanonMemoExpertDisputes / Litigation
I act for the judgment creditor. A judgment was handed down in [country] against a Lebanese [company/individual] and we want it enforced in Lebanon. Facts: judgment dated [date], subject matter [subject], was the defendant represented in the proceedings [yes/no], is there a bilateral or multilateral judicial convention between Lebanon and [country] [yes/no/unknown]. Deliverables: 1. The conditions for granting exequatur, with the authority for each. 2. The competent court and the documents required (translation, legalisation, service). 3. The grounds of objection open to the judgment debtor, and which are heard on the merits versus on form. 4. The effect of the defendant not having been properly served in the original action. 5. The deadlines, and what does and does not stay enforcement. Mandatory rules: distinguish clearly between what the statute provides and what the case law has settled. Cite article numbers, and do not invent one. If you are not sure a bilateral convention exists, or of any other fact bearing on enforceability, say so rather than assuming it.
Limitation Period Check Before FilingMemoAdvancedDisputes / Litigation
I act for the claimant. I need a limitation check before filing in Lebanon. Facts: nature of the right claimed [contractual / tortious / real / commercial / employment], date the right arose [date], date of knowledge of the damage if different [date], any interrupting or suspending event [formal notice, acknowledgement, earlier action, force majeure] and its date. Deliverables: 1. The applicable period for this category of right and the provision it comes from. 2. The starting point of the period: whether it runs from accrual or from knowledge. 3. A timeline showing every interrupting or suspending event and its effect on the count. 4. The conclusion: is the claim still admissible, and what is the safety margin in days. 5. Whether limitation is raised by the court of its own motion or must be pleaded, and at what stage. Mandatory rules: cite the article number for every period, and do not invent one; where you are not certain of the period or its starting point, flag it for confirmation rather than presenting a single answer. Distinguish extinctive from acquisitive prescription. If the characterisation of the right changes the period, present both alternatives rather than choosing one.
What Changed in the Omani Labour LawReportAdvancedEmployment
I am producing this for a [employer / in-house legal team / employee]. Report on what has changed in Omani labour law. Deliverables: 1. A three-column table (previous rule, current rule, practical effect) for each of: termination and its grounds, notice, end-of-service gratuity, working hours and leave, fixed-term contracts, and Omanisation. 2. Transitional provisions: what applies to contracts already running before the change took effect, and what applies immediately. 3. The obligations that require contract templates and staff regulations to be amended now, ranked by priority. 4. The penalties for non-compliance. 5. The points that remain unclear pending executive regulations or a ministerial decision. Mandatory rules: cite the article number and the Royal Decree or ministerial decision number for every item. Distinguish clearly between what is in the law and what is in the regulations. If you are not confident a provision is in force, say so rather than presenting it as settled.
Employer Termination of a Fixed-Term ContractMemoAdvancedEmployment
I act for the [employer / employee]. Under the Jordanian Labour Law: may an employer alone terminate a fixed-term contract before its term expires, and what is the legal effect? Address: 1. The cases in which termination is permitted without compensation, with the article, and what the employer must prove in each. 2. The consequence of terminating outside those cases: how compensation is computed, and whether it covers the wages for the unexpired term or is assessed differently. 3. Whether the employee can seek reinstatement or is confined to compensation. 4. The effect of repeated renewals on the characterisation of the contract, and whether it converts to an indefinite one. 5. The limitation period for bringing a claim and the competent forum. Mandatory rules: cite the article for each point, and do not invent one. Distinguish what the text provides from what the Jordanian Court of Cassation has settled; where the case law is not settled, say so rather than presenting one answer. If the answer varies with the ground of termination, set the cases out in a table rather than generalising.
Extinction of Criminal Action on a Dishonoured ChequeMemoExpertCriminal Defense
Under Egyptian law, determine whether the criminal action for issuing a cheque without sufficient funds has lapsed on the following facts. I act for the defendant. Facts: cheque drawn [date], bank refused payment [date], police report drawn up [date], first investigative or charging step [date], any subsequent interrupting step and its date [details]. Deliverables: 1. The classification of the offence (misdemeanour / contravention) and the period after which the criminal action lapses by effluxion of time, with the provision. 2. When the period starts to run: from the drawing of the cheque, the refusal, or knowledge, and what the courts have settled. 3. A timeline showing each interrupting step and its effect, then the arithmetic conclusion. 4. The other grounds of extinction available here (conciliation, payment of the cheque amount, waiver, death) and the effect of each on the criminal and the civil action. 5. The procedural objection to be raised and at what stage. Mandatory rules: cite the Code of Criminal Procedure and the Egyptian Commercial Code articles for every period and every ground of extinction. If a different classification changes the period, present both hypotheses. Do not state a conclusion if the date of an interrupting step is unknown, and mark any point where the case law is not settled instead of stating one view as the rule.
Recent KSA Legal Developments for an InvestorReportExpertCorporate / Commercial
I advise an investment company [describe its activity and holdings]. Summarise, in bullet form, the recent developments in the Saudi legal landscape that matter to it over the next [number] months. Cover: the companies regime, foreign investment and licensing, capital markets and fund formation, civil transactions and contract law, labour and Saudisation, data protection, tax and zakat, and dispute resolution. For every item give exactly four things: 1. What changed, in one line. 2. The instrument (law, decree, implementing regulation or circular) with its number and date. 3. The date it takes effect, and any transitional period. 4. What this specific investor has to do about it, and by when. If the answer is 'nothing', say so. Then close with a short list of changes that are announced but not yet in force, so I can plan for them. Mandatory rules: do not include an item you cannot tie to a named instrument. Say plainly where your information may be out of date and what should be verified against the official gazette before I rely on it.
Compare a Rule Across Two JurisdictionsReportExpertCorporate / Commercial
I act for [my client's role]. Compare the treatment of [the legal question] under the law of [jurisdiction A] and the law of [jurisdiction B]. Return a comparison table with one row per issue and these columns: the issue, the position in A with its article, the position in B with its article, whether the difference is material in practice, and what it means for a party structuring around it. Then: 1. Name the issues where the two systems reach the same result by different routes. Those are the ones people get wrong. 2. Name the issues where they genuinely diverge, and which is more favourable to [my client's role]. 3. Say what happens if a contract picks A's law but the dispute is heard in B, or the assets are in B. 4. Flag any point that is mandatory in one system and therefore not displaceable by choosing the other's law. Mandatory rules: give the article for each position, and quote the operative words of the provision where the exact wording drives the answer. Where you cannot find the rule in one of the two systems, write 'not found for [jurisdiction]' in that cell rather than filling it by analogy with the other. A comparison table with an invented cell is worse than an incomplete one.
Test Me Before You Trust MeReportStandardLegal Ops / Billing
I want to know whether to rely on you for legal work in [jurisdiction] before I put a client matter in front of you. Run this test on yourself and show your working: 1. State the rule on [a question in my jurisdiction where I already know the answer], with the article number. 2. Then argue the opposite position as strongly as you can, and tell me which of the two is actually right and why. 3. List three questions in this jurisdiction where you would be unreliable, and say what makes them unreliable: no primary source, frequent amendment, unpublished practice, or something else. 4. Tell me how your answer changes if the source I need is a decision that was never published. 5. Give me a rule of thumb for when to check your output against a primary source and when it is safe not to. Mandatory rules: in step 1, cite the actual provision, not a paraphrase of what you expect it to say. Do not sell, and do not invent a weakness in step 3 to look thorough; if you cannot name a real one, say so. If the honest answer is that a category of work should not be given to you, say so.
Enforcing an Award From a Unilaterally Appointed ArbitratorMemoEnterpriseArbitration
I act for the [claimant / respondent]. Can an award made by an arbitrator appointed unilaterally by one party be enforced in [jurisdiction]? Answer yes or no in the first line, then justify it. Address: 1. The rule on constitution of the tribunal in that jurisdiction's arbitration law, and whether unilateral appointment goes to validity of the award or only to a ground of challenge. 2. Where this sits under the New York Convention grounds for refusal, and whether the enforcing court reviews it of its own motion or only on the respondent's application. 3. Whether the objection is lost by participating in the arbitration without protest, and what counts as a timely protest. 4. The distinction between setting aside at the seat and refusing enforcement elsewhere. An award set aside at the seat and an award merely challenged are not the same case. 5. The practical route for my client as [claimant / respondent], with deadlines. Mandatory rules: cite the article for each ground under both the arbitration statute and the Convention, and keep the two separate rather than merging them. If the answer depends on the seat, ask me for the seat rather than assuming it, and mark any point where courts in that jurisdiction have not settled the question. Quote the operative text of the New York Convention article and the corresponding article of the arbitration statute at the seat wherever the two provisions differ, rather than paraphrasing either one.
Is a Dispute Board Decision Final and Binding?MemoExpertArbitration
Under an engineering contract governed by the law of [jurisdiction] and based on [FIDIC / an amended form], a dispute board has issued a decision. I act for the [employer / contractor]. Answer: 1. Is the decision binding, is it final, and what is the practical difference between the two. A binding decision must be complied with at once even if reviewable; a final one is not reviewable at all. 2. The period for issuing a notice of dissatisfaction, and the consequence of letting it pass. 3. Whether the parties may go straight to arbitration, and whether passing through the board is a procedural condition of admissibility. 4. What happens if a party refuses to comply with a binding but non-final decision: can a separate arbitration be brought on the refusal itself. 5. The effect of the particular conditions where they amend the standard clause, and ask me for the clause text if I have not supplied it. Mandatory rules: distinguish what the contract provides from what the governing law provides, because the second can override the first. Cite both the sub-clause and the article for every point, mark any question the governing law has not settled rather than assuming an answer, and do not assume a particular edition of a standard form unless I name it.
Court of Cassation Authority on Medical DamagesMemoExpertPersonal Injury
I act for the [patient / hospital]. Collect what the Egyptian Court of Cassation has settled on compensation for medical negligence, in preparation for a memorandum in a case concerning [describe the facts]. Deliverables: 1. The settled principles, one by one, with the provision each rests on, and whether it is settled doctrine or a recent trend. 2. Characterising the doctor's liability: contractual or tortious, an obligation of means or of result, and the circumstances in which it converts. 3. Burden of proof: on whom it falls, when it shifts, the role of the forensic medical report and the expert committee report, and how far the court is bound by them. 4. The heads of compensation the court accepts, those it usually refuses, and the criteria for assessment. 5. The hospital's liability for its employee's fault, and the validity of any exclusion clause. 6. What my file is missing before these principles can be applied. Strict rule: do not invent an appeal number, a judicial year, or a hearing date. If you know the principle but not the judgment that established it, state the principle and write plainly "citation not identified. Verify in the Cassation reports before pleading it". A memorandum citing a judgment that does not exist is worse than one citing nothing.
Appointing an Arbitrator by PetitionMemoExpertArbitration
Set out the mechanism for appointing an arbitrator by petition under Egyptian law, compared with English law. I act for the party seeking the appointment. Facts: arbitration clause [quote it], agreed number of arbitrators [number], the party in default of appointment [details], date of the invitation to appoint [date]. Deliverables: 1. The court or body competent to appoint in Egypt, the provision, and the form of the application and its documents. 2. The period that must elapse before applying to the court, and how it is computed. 3. Whether the appointment issues as an order on petition or as a judgment inter partes, and what that does to its appealability. 4. The criteria binding on the court in choosing: independence, impartiality, nationality, expertise. 5. A comparison table with the English mechanism: body, form, timing, and appealability. 6. The effect on the arbitration if the appointment is defective, and whether it later vitiates the award. Mandatory rules: cite the article of the Egyptian Arbitration Law and the corresponding section of the English legislation for every step, and quote the operative words of the arbitration clause where its wording changes the answer. Where you are not confident of an equivalent in one of the two systems, write "not found" rather than reasoning across by analogy.
Legal Opinion on DisputeMemoExpertDisputes / Litigation
You are preparing a legal opinion for [Client] analyzing the merits of [describe potential claim/defense] under [jurisdiction] law. Facts: client [Client], claim or defense in question [describe potential claim/defense], governing law and forum [jurisdiction], and the facts of the dispute as instructed by the client. Deliverables: 1. The elements [Client] would need to establish, or that the opposing side would need to establish, for [describe potential claim/defense] to succeed. 2. An assessment of liability exposure against those elements, applied to the facts given. 3. Potential damages or remedies available, and how each would likely be calculated. 4. Likelihood of success, stated as a range rather than a single number, with the reasoning behind it. 5. Litigation risks: cost, time, disclosure exposure, and reputational factors. 6. A recommended course of action, including whether settlement should be explored. Mandatory rules: cite the [jurisdiction] authority or provision behind each element and each damages calculation. Do not state a likelihood of success without the reasoning behind it. This opinion is a drafting and analysis aid for a qualified practitioner and is not a substitute for formal legal advice to the client.
Case Law Research PromptReportAdvancedDisputes / Litigation
Act as a legal researcher preparing case law on [topic] for [jurisdiction]. Deliverables: identify the cases that matter most on this topic, typically three to six, and for each one provide: 1. The case name and citation. 2. The facts. 3. The issue before the court. 4. The court's decision. 5. The practical takeaway for a practitioner. Order the cases from most to least significant to [topic], not by date. Mandatory rules: cite each case by its full name and citation, and quote the operative holding rather than paraphrasing it. Do not include a case you cannot cite precisely; if you are not certain a case exists as described, say so instead of presenting it as settled authority.
Cross-Border Employment ComparisonReportExpertEmployment
Compare employment law requirements across [list jurisdictions] for a company hiring remote employees in each. Facts: the roles being hired (describe), whether hires will be direct employees or engaged through an employer of record (state which), and the anticipated headcount per jurisdiction (describe). Deliverables, one section per jurisdiction in [list jurisdictions] plus a summary table: 1. Minimum employment terms: required contract content and mandatory clauses. 2. Statutory benefits: leave, social security and other mandatory contributions. 3. Notice periods and termination protections, including any collective or works council requirements. 4. Data privacy obligations affecting the employment relationship and cross border data transfer. 5. Employer of record considerations: where an EOR is required or advisable, and the associated compliance burden. 6. A summary table ranking the jurisdictions by relative complexity of compliant hiring. Mandatory rules: cite the specific statute or regulation for every notice period, benefit entitlement or termination rule stated, where a rule cannot be attributed to a named source, mark it as needing local counsel confirmation rather than stating a figure.
Adoption Process GuideMemoAdvancedFamily Law
Act as counsel advising a prospective adoptive parent in [jurisdiction]. Explain the adoption process, covering: 1. Eligibility requirements. 2. The home study process. 3. Agency adoption versus independent adoption. 4. Typical costs. 5. Timeline. 6. Post-adoption requirements. 7. Common reasons applications are denied. Mandatory rules: attribute every eligibility rule, cost figure, and timeline to the statute, agency, or court rule it comes from. Mark any requirement you cannot source as needing confirmation with a local adoption attorney before the applicant relies on it. This is a research aid, not legal advice.
International Marriage RecognitionMemoAdvancedFamily Law
Explain how a marriage celebrated in [country A] is recognized in [country B]. Facts: the type of ceremony performed, civil, religious or customary (state which), the nationality of each spouse (describe), and the purpose the recognition is needed for (describe, for example a visa, inheritance, or divorce). Deliverables: 1. The recognition requirement in [country B]: registration, transcription, or automatic recognition, and which applies here. 2. Apostille or legalization steps needed for documents issued in [country A]. 3. Translation requirements, including certified translation and any sworn translator requirement. 4. Registration or reporting steps required in [country B] and the applicable deadlines. 5. Consular steps, if any, through the embassy or consulate of either country. 6. Circumstances where [country B] may refuse to recognize the marriage, such as capacity, consent or public policy grounds. Mandatory rules: cite the specific statute, treaty or bilateral agreement between [country A] and [country B] relied on for each requirement. Where recognition depends on a case by case administrative decision, flag that rather than stating an outcome.
Probate OverviewMemoStandardEstate Planning
Act as counsel advising a client on estate administration in [jurisdiction]. Explain probate or succession: who initiates it, the typical timeline, likely costs, executor duties, how creditor claims are handled, and ways to avoid probate where the law allows. Return it as a plain-language memo. Attribute every timeline, cost figure, and procedural rule to the statute, court rule, or official source it comes from, and mark anything you cannot source as needing confirmation with local counsel rather than stating it as settled. This is a research aid, not legal advice.
Golden Visa ComparisonMemoAdvancedImmigration
Compare the investor or golden visa programs of [country A], [country B] and [country C]. Facts: my investment budget, my priority (residency, tax planning, or a path to citizenship), and my family composition for inclusion purposes. Deliverables: 1. Minimum investment required in each of [country A], [country B] and [country C], and the qualifying investment types (real estate, government bonds, business investment). 2. Physical presence or residency requirements to maintain status in each country. 3. The tax residency consequence of each program and whether it triggers worldwide taxation. 4. Family inclusion rules: which dependants qualify and any age limit on children. 5. The path to permanent residency or citizenship, including the minimum holding period, in each country. 6. A ranked recommendation given my stated budget and priority, with the tradeoffs made explicit. Mandatory rules: state a minimum investment amount, holding period or tax rate only where you can attribute it to each country's official program rules, and name which country's rule you are stating alongside the figure. Investment migration programs change frequently; flag every figure for confirmation against the current official source before I rely on it.
Condo ConversionMemoAdvancedReal Estate (Personal)
I own a multi-family building at [address] and want to convert it to condominium units for sale in [jurisdiction]. Facts: the number of existing units, whether any are currently tenant-occupied, and my target timeline for the first sale. Deliverables: 1. The zoning and land-use requirements that apply to conversion at this address, and how to confirm the property qualifies. 2. The mapping and subdivision steps: what plat or condominium map has to be filed, and with whom. 3. Tenant rights that apply, including any required notice period, right of first refusal, or relocation assistance for occupied units. 4. The governing documents I need to draft or commission: declaration, bylaws, and unit plat. 5. The registration and recording steps that make the conversion legally effective. 6. A realistic sequence and rough timeline tying these together. Mandatory rules: name the specific statute or ordinance behind any tenant-notice period or filing requirement you state. If you cannot confirm a rule for [jurisdiction], flag it for local counsel instead of stating a number. This is a planning aid, not legal advice, and the conversion should be reviewed by a real estate attorney before any tenant notice goes out.
Filing QuestionMemoStandardPersonal Tax
Explain to me, as the taxpayer, how to report [income type] of [amount] earned in [year] in [jurisdiction]: which form or schedule it goes on, what deductions or allowances apply, and the filing deadline. Output a short numbered explanation I can follow step by step. Do not state a specific deduction, threshold, or deadline unless you can name the form, schedule, or provision it comes from; if you are not certain a rule applies in [jurisdiction], say so and flag it for confirmation with a tax professional or the tax authority's own guidance.
Bankruptcy BasicsMemoAdvancedDebt & Bankruptcy
Explain the consumer bankruptcy or personal insolvency options available in [jurisdiction] for someone with debts of [amount], income of [amount], who currently [own/rent] their home. Facts: the mix of debt (secured, unsecured, tax, or student), whether any creditor has already sued or threatened to, and how urgently a filing is needed. Deliverables: 1. The main insolvency or bankruptcy procedures available in [jurisdiction] and, in plain terms, what each does. 2. Which procedure this person is likely eligible for, given their debts, income, and home status. 3. What happens to the home if they [own/rent], under each procedure. 4. The process from filing to discharge: rough timeline, required disclosures, and any means test. 5. The effect on credit reporting and how long it typically lasts. 6. What happens to debts that are not fully discharged. Mandatory rules: name the statute, chapter, or procedure behind any eligibility rule, means test threshold, or discharge period you state. Where [jurisdiction]'s rule cannot be confirmed, flag it for a local insolvency practitioner rather than stating it as fact. This explains options; it is not a recommendation to file, and a licensed insolvency professional in [jurisdiction] should confirm eligibility before anyone acts on it.
Statute of LimitationsMemoStandardDebt & Bankruptcy
Explain the statute of limitations on the main types of consumer debt (credit card, medical, personal loan) in [jurisdiction], and how an acknowledgement of the debt or a partial payment can restart the clock. Output a short explanation organized by debt type. Do not state a specific limitation period or trigger rule unless you can name the statute it comes from; if you cannot confirm the current period for [jurisdiction], flag it for confirmation rather than stating a number, since acting on a wrong period can revive a debt that should be time-barred.
Best-Interest Factor MemoMemoAdvancedFamily Law
I act for the [parent]. Write a best-interest-of-the-child memo for a custody dispute. First, list my jurisdiction's statutory best-interest factors and cite the source (do not invent factors: if you are unsure, tell me to confirm the list locally). Then, for each factor, map the relevant facts I provide for and against my client's position, and rate the factor as favorable / neutral / unfavorable with a one-line reason. End with the two or three factors most likely to decide the case and what evidence would strengthen each. Facts: [PASTE]. Jurisdiction: [JURISDICTION]. Analysis for attorney review only; not a prediction of any judge's ruling.
Regulatory Research Memo (Verify-Before-Cite)MemoAdvancedPrivacy & Data Protection
Act as compliance counsel. Research the current requirements under [name the regulation or framework] as they apply to [describe the company's activity] in [jurisdiction]. Structure the answer as: the specific obligation, the statutory or regulatory section it comes from, the deadline or trigger event, and the penalty for non-compliance. If you are not certain a citation is current or correctly numbered, say so explicitly and tell me to confirm it against the official regulator text rather than presenting your best guess as settled law.
Adverse Authority Sweep: What the Other Side Left OutMemoExpertDisputes / Litigation
Act as a reviewer instructed to argue against the document below. Scope: the issue [ISSUE] in [JURISDICTION], on the record as it stands. Do not assume facts that are not in the document. Your job is to surface what a diligent opponent or a hostile judge would find and the draft does not address. Where you cannot confirm an authority exists and says what you think it says, mark it Unverified and leave it to a human. Return: (1) Omitted Adverse Authority: cases, statutes, regulations or guidance cutting against the position taken, each with what it holds and precisely why it hurts; (2) Distinguishable versus Fatal, split the above into items we can distinguish (with the distinguishing fact) and items that go to the heart of the argument; (3) Their Best Version, the strongest opposing submission on this issue, written in one or two paragraphs as they would write it, not as a summary; (4) Weak Links, the step in our chain of reasoning that fails first under pressure, and the question that exposes it; (5) Candour Items: authority that in [JURISDICTION] we may be obliged to disclose even though it is against us, flagged for a human to confirm against the local rules rather than asserted; (6) Answers, a short, usable response to each item marked fatal, or an honest statement that there is no good answer; (7) Research Gaps, the searches a human must run to close this out, written as actual queries with the database and date range; (8) Coverage Note, where your review may be incomplete and why. Document: [PASTE].
Islamic Inheritance (Fara'id) Issue-SpotterMemoExpertIslamic Finance & Sharia
Act as succession counsel preparing an issue-spotting memo on the estate of [DECEASED], who died [DATE] domiciled in [COUNTRY], leaving [SURVIVING RELATIVES, with relationship, line and whether alive at the date of death] and [ASSETS AND WHERE THEY SIT]. Do not compute the shares. Fixed shares under fara'id depend on the complete set of surviving heirs and on the school of law applied, and a share stated on incomplete facts is worse than no answer, so your job is to establish what must be known and who must decide, not to produce fractions. Do not state a rule you cannot attribute to a named code, ruling or authoritative text; mark it To Be Confirmed. Return: (1) Facts Still Missing: every fact that could change the outcome, as a numbered questionnaire the family can answer, covering relatives who exclude others, order of deaths where two died close together, adoption and acknowledged paternity, and religion of each heir; (2) Applicable Regime, which law governs succession to each asset (domicile, nationality, location of the asset, any election made in a will), and where the answer differs between an asset in [COUNTRY] and one abroad; (3) Heir Map, the surviving relatives arranged by category, marking who is a fixed-share heir, who is a residuary, and who is excluded by the presence of another, with the question mark on each uncertain branch; (4) Prior Charges, funeral costs, debts, and any bequest, in the order they come off the estate before distribution; (5) Bequest Limits: the disposable portion, whether a bequest to an heir needs the other heirs' consent, and what happens to an over-large bequest; (6) Cross-Border Friction, assets in a non-applying jurisdiction, foreign wills, joint accounts, life policies and company shares, each with the conflict it creates; (7) Process Map, the court or authority that issues the succession certificate in [COUNTRY], the documents required, translation and legalisation needs, and the realistic timeline; (8) Referral Note, the precise question to put to a qualified succession practitioner and, where the family wishes, to a scholar. This is a fact-gathering aid, not a share calculation and not legal or Sharia advice.
Enforcing a Foreign Judgment in a MENA StateMemoEnterpriseArbitration
Act as enforcement counsel advising [CREDITOR] on enforcing a judgment obtained from [ORIGINATING COURT AND COUNTRY] on [DATE] for [AMOUNT AND RELIEF] against [DEBTOR] whose assets are in [TARGET COUNTRY]. Known facts: [WHETHER THE DEBTOR APPEARED, HOW SERVICE WAS EFFECTED, WHETHER ANY APPEAL REMAINS, WHAT ASSETS ARE KNOWN AND WHERE]. This is a foreign court judgment, not an arbitral award. The routes are different and the treaty framework is different, so start by identifying which instrument, if any, connects these two states, and whether the target country instead requires proof of reciprocity. Do not assert a treaty status, a reservation or a limitation period you cannot attribute to a named source; mark it To Be Confirmed for local counsel. Return: (1) Route Options: the bilateral treaty, regional convention or domestic reciprocity route available, each with what it requires and how long it takes, and a clear statement where none applies and the claim must be brought afresh; (2) Threshold Conditions, jurisdiction of the originating court as the target court would assess it, proper service, finality, absence of a conflicting local judgment, and reciprocity where required, each with the evidence that proves it; (3) Public Policy Screen, the elements of the judgment most likely to be refused locally (interest awards, punitive or multiple damages, costs orders, relief unknown to the local system, matters reserved to local courts), and whether partial enforcement of the rest is possible; (4) Document Pack, certified copy, certificate of finality, proof of service, translation by a licensed translator, and the legalisation or apostille chain, with who issues each and in what order; (5) Procedure: the court or execution department that hears it, the form of application, whether the merits can be reopened, the debtor's likely defences, and the appeal route; (6) Asset Recovery Plan, attachment, travel bans where available, bank and registry searches, and what can be secured before the debtor is on notice; (7) Timing and Cost, a realistic range with the assumptions behind it, and the limitation period to confirm; (8) Alternative Strategy, where enforcement looks weak, whether re-litigating locally, enforcing in a third country, or settling is the better route, with the reason. This is a strategy aid for a qualified local practitioner, not legal advice.
Custody and Guardianship Under Personal Status LawMemoExpertFamily Law
Act as family counsel preparing a briefing memo for [CLIENT] on the position of the children in [COUNTRY], where personal status matters are governed by [the applicable personal status law / a civil personal status regime for non-Muslims / the law of the parties' religious community]. Facts: [MARITAL STATUS AND DATE OF ANY SEPARATION, CHILDREN WITH AGES AND SEX, EACH PARENT'S NATIONALITY, RELIGION AND RESIDENCE, WHO THE CHILDREN LIVE WITH NOW, ANY TRAVEL OR RELOCATION PLAN, ANY EXISTING ORDER]. The single most useful thing you can do is separate day-to-day care from legal guardianship. In many of these systems they sit with different parents, and a client who assumes one word covers both will make the wrong decision. Do not state an age threshold, a presumption or a procedural rule you cannot attribute to a named source; mark it To Be Confirmed for local counsel. Return: (1) Two Concepts, Plainly: what day-to-day custody covers and what legal guardianship covers in this system, and the concrete decisions that fall under each (schooling, medical treatment, passports, travel, bank accounts, residence); (2) Who Holds What Now, on these facts, the likely allocation and the factors that drive it, each flagged as a question with the provision you believe applies; (3) Change Triggers, the events that commonly shift the position (a child reaching a stated age, the custodian remarrying, relocation, a parent's conduct or capacity, a change of religion), and what happens at each; (4) Travel and Relocation, whose consent is needed to travel or move abroad with a child, how a travel ban or a border alert works here, and what happens if a child is already outside the country; (5) Financial Consequences: maintenance for the children and for the custodian, housing, and how these are calculated or evidenced locally; (6) Evidence and Documents, what the court will actually want to see, and what the client should be assembling now; (7) Procedure, the court or committee that decides, whether mediation or a family guidance step comes first, the realistic timeline, and the appeal route; (8) Client Briefing Note, a plain-language page the client can read, listing what they can decide alone, what needs the other parent, and the three questions to put to a local family practitioner. This is a briefing aid for a qualified local practitioner, not legal advice.
Civil Code Lens on a Contract: Good Faith, Abuse of Right and HardshipMemoExpertCorporate / Commercial
Act as counsel re-reading a contract through the civil code of [COUNTRY] rather than through the common-law assumptions it was probably drafted on. Paste the contract or the clauses in issue, and state [WHAT HAS GONE WRONG, WHAT EACH SIDE WANTS TO DO NOW, THE GOVERNING LAW CLAUSE, THE FORUM CLAUSE, AND WHETHER PERFORMANCE IS IN THE SAME COUNTRY AS THE CHOSEN LAW]. Most cross-border agreements in this region are drafted in an English-law style and then performed before a civil-law court that will apply its own mandatory rules whatever the contract says. Your job is to find where the drafting assumes a freedom the code does not give, and where the code gives a party a right the contract never mentioned. Do not state a code article or a settled position you cannot attribute to a named source; mark it To Be Confirmed for local counsel. Return: (1) Assumption Audit: the drafting assumptions that do not travel (entire agreement, no implied terms, termination for convenience, liquidated damages as agreed and unreviewable, sole discretion, waiver by conduct, notice as a strict condition), each with what the local code is likely to do to it; (2) Good Faith, how a duty of good faith in performance and negotiation could change the position here, and the conduct on each side that would be read against it; (3) Abuse of Right, whether exercising a right in the contract (calling a guarantee, terminating, refusing consent, insisting on a technical breach) could be challenged as abusive on these facts, and what evidence that turns on; (4) Hardship and Force Majeure, whether the court can adjust or suspend obligations when performance becomes excessively onerous rather than impossible, how that differs from the contract's own force majeure clause, and which one governs; (5) Damages and Penalties: whether an agreed damages figure can be reduced or increased by the court, whether loss must be proven, and how limitation and exclusion clauses fare; (6) Mandatory Overrides, the rules that apply regardless of the chosen foreign law, and the realistic prospect that the chosen law and forum are respected at all; (7) Redraft Notes, clause by clause, the wording change that makes the intent survive a civil-law reading; (8) Position and Questions, what this means for the client's next move, and the questions for local counsel before acting. This is an analysis aid for a qualified local practitioner, not legal advice.